1/3/2024 0 Comments Lifetime tables parts![]() ![]() The most sensitive non-cancer effect and the basis for the GenX chemicals health advisory is a liver effect (constellation of liver lesions). GenX chemicals have been linked to health effects on the liver, the kidney, the immune system, and developmental effects, as well as cancer. The 2022 health advisories for GenX chemicals and PFBS are based on animal toxicity studies following oral exposure to these chemicals. (If you have questions about PFOA, PFOS, GenX chemicals, or PFBS and COVID-19 vaccines please refer to question 13). The most sensitive non-cancer effect from the best available science that is the basis for the interim updated health advisories for PFOA and PFOS is suppression of vaccine response (decreased serum antibody concentrations) in children. ![]() Human studies have found associations between PFOA and/or PFOS exposure and several types of health effects including the liver, the immune system, the cardiovascular system, human development (e.g., decreased birth weight), and cancer. Based on those studies and EPA’s draft analyses, the levels at which negative health effects could occur are much lower than previously understood when EPA issued the 2016 health advisories for PFOA and PFOS (70 parts per trillion or ppt). The 2022 interim updated health advisories for PFOA and PFOS are based on human epidemiology studies in populations exposed to these chemicals. What health effects are the basis for these health advisories? ![]() They are still persistent in the environment.ģ. PFAS made up of fewer carbon atoms, such as hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) dimer acid and its ammonium salt (together referred to as “GenX chemicals”) and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid and its related compound potassium perfluorobutane sulfonate (together referred to as “PFBS”), were developed to replace PFOA and PFOS, respectively, and are used to make various consumer products and in industrial applications because they confer the similar desired properties and characteristics but generally are more quickly eliminated from the human body than PFOA and PFOS. In addition, some newer PFAS in use break down into PFOA and PFOS. manufacturers in the mid-2000s, although there are a limited number of ongoing uses, and these chemicals remain in the environment due to their persistence and lack of degradation. Most uses of PFOA and PFOS were voluntarily phased out by U.S. Many PFAS are made up of long chains of carbon-fluorine bonds, such as PFOA and PFOS, and many PFAS are environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and remain in human bodies for a long time. Since that time, hundreds of different PFAS have been found in water, soil, and air. Although PFAS have been manufactured and used broadly in commerce since the 1940s, concern over potential adverse effects on human health grew in the early 2000s with the detection of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in human blood. Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large and diverse group of chemicals used in many commercial applications due to their unique properties, such as resistance to high and low temperatures, resistance to degradation, and nonstick characteristics. What are PFAS? What are PFOA, PFOS, GenX chemicals, and PFBS? The health advisory documents include the derivation of the health advisory values which are the concentrations of such drinking water contaminants at or below which adverse health effects are not anticipated to occur over specific exposure durations, such as one day, 10 days, or a lifetime.ĮPA’s health advisories offer information that may be used to protect people from adverse health effects resulting from exposure throughout their lives or during a sensitive life stage to contaminants in drinking water.Ģ. They provide technical information to drinking water system operators, as well as federal, state, Tribal, and local officials, on the health effects, analytical methods, and treatment technologies associated with drinking water contaminants. EPA's health advisories are non-enforceable and non-regulatory. What is a drinking water health advisory?Ī health advisory provides information on a contaminant that can cause negative human health effects and is known or anticipated to occur in drinking water. What funding is EPA making available to communities to address PFOA, PFOS, GenX chemicals, and PFBS in drinking water?ġ. ![]()
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